What is Linux
Linux is an open-source operating system (OS). An operating system is the software that directly manages a system’s hardware and resources, like CPU, memory, and storage. The OS sits between applications and hardware and makes the connections between all of your software and the physical resources that do the work.
What is CommandLine:-
A command line is a text-based interface used to interact with a computer operating system or software by typing commands. It provides a way to directly communicate with the computer using text commands rather than graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that rely on mouse clicks and icons.
Users can input commands into the command line interface (CLI), and the system responds by executing those commands. It allows users to perform various tasks like navigating the file system, running programs, managing files and directories, configuring system settings, and more, all by typing specific commands and parameters.
CLI is powerful and efficient for certain tasks, especially for experienced users or when performing complex or repetitive tasks where writing out commands can be quicker than navigating through multiple graphical menus and options.
How does Linux work
Kernel: The Linux kernel manages hardware resources and provides essential services to higher-level components of the operating system.
It handles tasks like process management, memory management, device drivers, and system calls.
Filesystem: Linux organizes data using a hierarchical filesystem structure, similar to other operating systems.
Directories contain files, and each file or directory has its permissions, ownership, and attributes.
Shell: The shell is the interface between the user and the kernel. It interprets user commands and communicates with the kernel to execute them.
Users interact with the shell via a command-line interface (CLI) or a graphical user interface (GUI) provided by desktop environments.
User Space Programs: Linux supports a wide range of user space programs and applications.
These include utilities, programming languages, graphical interfaces, and various software packages.
Package Management: Linux distributions typically use package managers to install, update, and remove software.
These managers handle dependencies, ensuring that all required libraries and components are installed for a particular program to function properly.
Multiuser and Multitasking: Linux is a multiuser and multitasking system, meaning it can support multiple users simultaneously and run multiple processes at the same time.
Each user has their permissions and settings, and the system schedules tasks to efficiently use available resources.
Open Source Development: Linux is open-source, allowing developers worldwide to contribute, modify, and improve the code.
This collaborative development model has led to its widespread adoption and continuous enhancement.
Linux's modularity, security, and stability make it popular for servers and embedded systems, and as the base for various operating systems like Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, and more. Its flexibility and robustness cater to a wide range of devices and computing needs-
commands used:-
1. pwd
Displays the present working directory.
2. mkdir directory-name
Creates a new directory.
3. touch filename
Creates an empty file or updates the access and modification times of an existing file.4. ls
Lists the contents of a directory.
5. Nano filename
Opens the Nano text editor for editing files.
6. rm filename
Deletes a specific file.7. rm -r directory name
Deletes a directory and its contents recursively.
8. mv filename directory name/
Moves a file into a specified directory.9. cat filename
Displays the contents of a file.10. head filename
Displays the beginning 10 lines of a file.11. tail filename
Displays the ending 10 lines of a file.
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